September 2012 Examinations
Applicant Eligibility |
Application |
Online Scores |
Test Plans |
Schedule |
Transcripts |
Reference Texts |
Fees |
Sample Test |
Test Plans
In developing its examinations, the NBCE follows test plans that specify the content areas and weighting. Test plans are specific to each examination.
Part I: Test Plan
General Anatomy
1. Topographical Anatomy (8%)
- Planes of the body and anatomical terminology
- Head and neck
- Back and thorax
- Abdomen, pelvis and perineum
- Upper and lower limbs
- Integument (including histology)
2. Osteology of the Appendicular Skeleton (15%)
- Upper limb and shoulder girdle
- Lower limb and pelvis
- Development
- Histology
3. Arthrology and Syndesmology of the Appendicular Skeleton (15%)
- Classification of joints
- Articulations of the appendicular skeleton
- Biomechanics
4. Myology of the Appendicular Skeleton (18%)
- Upper limb and shoulder (including innervation)
- Lower limb and pelvic girdle (including innervation)
- Development
- Structure and histology
5. Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems (13%)
- Heart
- Arteries
- Veins
- Lymphatic vessels and lymphoid tissue (including spleen and thymus)
- Development
- Histology
6. Digestive System (10%)
- Oral cavity and pharynx
- Digestive viscera
- Development
- Histology
7. Respiratory System (8%)
- Nose and sinuses
- Larynx, trachea and bronchi
- Lungs, pleura and mediastinum
- Development
- Histology
8. Urogenital System (8%)
- Urinary organs
- Male reproductive organs
- Female reproductive organs
- Development
- Histology
9. Endocrine System (5%)
- Endocrine glands and tissues
- Development
- Histology
Spinal Anatomy
1. Osteology of the Axial Skeleton (19%)
- Skull
- Vertebral column
- Ribs and sternum
- Development
2. Myology of the Axial Skeleton (15%)
- Face and head
- Back and neck
- Thorax and abdomen
- Pelvis and perineum
- Development
3. Arthrology and Syndesmology of the Axial Skeleton (13%)
- Classification of joints
- Articulations of the axial skeleton
- Biomechanics
4. Anatomy of the Central Nervous System and Related Structures (23%)
- Cerebrum
- Brainstem and cerebellum
- Spinal cord and meninges
- Vascular supply and relationships
- Ventricles and cerebrospinal fluid
- Development
- Histology
5. Anatomy of the Peripheral and Autonomic Nervous Systems (21%)
- Spinal nerves and plexuses
- Cranial nerves
- Visceral innervation
- Cutaneous innervation
- Development
- Histology
6. Organs of Special Senses (9%)
- Vision
- Audition and equilibrium
- Olfaction
- Gustation
- Development
- Histology
Physiology
1. Neurophysiology (22%)
- Membrane potentials, action potentials, and synaptic transmission
- Motor function
- Sensory function
- Autonomic function
- Higher cortical function
- Special senses
2. Muscle Physiology (15%)
- Cardiac muscle
- Skeletal muscle
- Smooth muscle
3. Cardiovascular Physiology (15%)
- Cardiac pump
- Electrophysiology of the heart
- Hemodynamics
- Regulation of circulation
- Circulation in organs
- Lymphatics
- Hematology and immunity
4. Respiratory Physiology (9%)
- Mechanics of breathing
- Ventilation, lung volumes and capacities
- Regulation of respiration
- O2 and CO2 transport
- Gas exchange
5. Body Fluids and Renal Physiology (10%)
- Regulation of body fluids/ micturition
- Glomerular filtration
- Tubular exchange
- Acid-base balance
6. Gastrointestinal Physiology (9%)
- Ingestion/motility
- Digestion/secretion
- Absorption
- Regulation of GI function
7. Reproductive Physiology (5%)
8. Endocrine Physiology (9%)
- Secretion of hormones
- Action of hormones
- Regulation
9. Exercise and Sports Physiology (6%)
Chemistry
1. Carbohydrates (18%)
- Metabolism
- Catabolic pathways
- Anabolic pathways
- Chemistry
- Structure
- Properties
- Function
- Nutritional concepts
- Food sources
- Digestion
2. Lipids (18%)
- Metabolism
- Catabolic pathways
- Anabolic pathways
- Chemistry
- Structure
- Properties
- Function
- Transport
- Nutritional Concepts
- Food sources
- Digestion
3. Proteins, Amino Acids and Peptides (17%)
- Amino acid metabolism
- Catabolic pathways
- Anabolic pathways
- Chemistry
- Structure
- Properties
- Function
- Nutritional concepts
- Food sources
- Digestion
4. Enzymes (7%)
- Classification and function
- Kinetics and regulation
5. Hormones (6%)
- Metabolic effects of specific hormones
- Carbohydrate metabolism
- Lipid metabolism
- Protein metabolism
- General properties
- Chemistry
- Mechanism of action
6. Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids (10%)
- Metabolism of purines and pyrimidines
- Chemistry
- Structure
- Properties
- Function
- DNA, RNA and protein synthesis
7. Vitamins and Minerals (14%)
- Chemistry
- Structure
- Properties
- Function
- Coenzyme precursors
- Nutritional concepts
- Food sources
- Absorption
- Storage
8. Biochemical Energetics (10%)
- Basic concepts
- High-energy phosphate compounds
- Oxidation-reduction reactions
- Krebs cycle
- Oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport system
Pathology
1. Fundamentals of Pathology (21%)
- Disease at the cellular level
- Inflammation and repair
- Neoplasia
- Hemodynamic disorders
2. Genetic and Congenital Disorders (4%)
- Chromosomal disorders
- Inborn errors of metabolism
- Congenital disorders
3. Disorders of the Immune System (7%)
- Hypersensitivity reactions
- Autoimmune diseases
- Immunologic deficiencies
4. Environmental and Nutritional Diseases (5%)
5. Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System (18%)
- Bone
- Joint
- Muscle
6. Disorders of the Nervous System (11%)
- Central nervous system
- Peripheral nervous system
7. Diseases of the Organ Systems (34%)
- Cardiovascular
- Gastrointestinal
- Respiratory
- Genitourinary
- Endocrine
- Blood and lymphatics
Microbiology
1. Immunology (23%)
- Cells of the immune system
- Antigens, antibodies and complement
- Hypersensitivities and immunopathologies
- Immunization/vaccination
- Assessment of immune responses/serology
2. Bacteria (20%)
- Structure and biochemical characteristics
- Resistance, genetics, antigenicity, and pathogenicity
- Communicable and infectious diseases
- Reservoirs of infection and modes of transmission
3. Viruses and Prions (15%)
- Structure and biochemical characteristics
- Resistance, genetics, antigenicity, and pathogenicity
- Communicable and infectious diseases
- Reservoirs of infection and modes of transmission
4. Fungi (10%)
- Structure and biochemical characteristics
- Resistance, genetics, antigenicity, and pathogenicity
- Communicable and infectious diseases
- Reservoirs of infection and modes of transmission
5. Parasites (10%)
- Structure and biochemical characteristics
- Resistance, genetics, antigenicity, and pathogenicity
- Communicable and infectious diseases
- Reservoirs of infection and modes of transmission
6. Epidemiology and Disease Control (22%)
- Health agencies and reporting/monitoring
- Prevention, identification and control methods for communicable diseases
- Population health assessments
- Emerging diseases
Part II: Test Plan
- General Diagnosis
- Neuromusculoskeletal Diagnosis
- Diagnostic Imaging
- Principles of Chiropractic
- Chiropractic Practice
- Associated Clinical Sciences
General Diagnosis
1. Case History (8%)
2. Vital Signs (3%)
3. Head and Neck Examination/Findings (6%)
- Eye
- Ear
- Nose and sinuses
- Mouth and throat
- Neck
4. Thorax Examination/Findings (including heart and lungs) (7%)
- Inspection
- Auscultation
- Percussion
- Palpation
5. Abdominal Examination/Findings (7%)
- Inspection
- Auscultation
- Percussion
- Palpation
6. Rectal and Male Urogenital Examination/Findings (4%)
7. Diagnosis or Clinical Impression (55%)
- Eyes, ears, nose and throat
- Respiratory diseases
- Cardiovascular diseases
- Blood and lymphatic diseases
- Gastrointestinal diseases
- Genitourinary diseases
- Endocrine and metabolic disorders
- Immunological disorders
- Nutritional disorders
- Infectious diseases
8. Laboratory Interpretation (10%)
- Urinalysis
- Hematology
- Chemistry/serology
- Special studies
Neuromusculoskeletal Diagnosis
1. Case History (11%)
2. Posture and Gait Assessment (5%)
3. Orthopedic Examination (24%)
- Cervical spine
- Thoracic spine
- Lumbar spine and pelvis
- Extremities
4. Neurologic Examination (21%)
- Cranial nerve/CNS testing
- Motor testing
- Sensory testing
- Reflex testing
- Superficial reflexes
- Deep tendon reflexes
- Pathological reflexes
5. Diagnosis or Clinical Impression (39%)
- CNS disorders
- Peripheral neurologic/neurovascular disorders
- Muscular disorders
- Bone and joint disorders
Diagnostic Imaging
1. X-ray Technology (10%)
- Physics and principles
- Quality assurance
- Radiographic imaging
- Radiologic protection
2. Radiographic Positioning and Normal Anatomy (21%)
- Spine and pelvis
- Extremities
- Thorax and abdomen
3. Imaging Diagnosis or Clinical Impression (50%)
- Congenital anomalies and normal variants
- Trauma
- Arthritides
- Tumors/tumor-like processes
- Nutritional, metabolic and endocrine conditions
- Hematologic conditions
- Infectious conditions
- Miscellaneous skeletal conditions
- Thoracic and abdominal conditions
4. Methods of Interpretation (8%)
- Biomechanical analysis/ mensuration procedures
- Imaging interpretation and report writing
5. Clinical Applications of Special Imaging (11%)
- MRI
- CT
- Miscellaneous
Principles of Chiropractic
1. The Chiropractic Paradigm (6%)
2. Concepts of Subluxation and Spinal Lesions (30%)
- Proprioceptive insult/somatosomatic reflex models
- Neural compression/traction models
- Visceral reflex models
- Vascular insufficiency models
- Axonal aberration/trophic models
- Neuroimmunomodulation models
- Biomechanical models
- Other
3. Basic Science Concepts in Chiropractic (32%)
- Anatomical
- Pathophysiological
- Biomechanical
4. Applied Chiropractic Principles (32%)
- Subluxation etiologies
- General effects of adjustment and manipulation
- Wellness
Chiropractic Practice
1. Spinal Analysis and Patient Evaluation (27%)
- Case history and observation findings
- Manual examination of the spine and extremities
- Diagnostic procedures
2. Chiropractic Adjustive Technique (28%)
- Cervical techniques
- Thoracic techniques
- Lumbar techniques
- Pelvic techniques
- Costal and extremity techniques
3. Patient Care (25%)
- Case management
- Contraindications for treatment
- Home care, prevention and rehabilitation
4. Community Health and Wellness (11%)
- Public health organizations
- Healthy People initiatives
- Screening activities for health promotion
- Tobacco, alcohol and substance abuse
- Exercise and healthy diet for obesity
- Behavior theories and lifestyle change
- Wellness counseling
5. Occupational and Environmental Health (9%)
- Work-based health risks
- Worker protection and ergonomics
- Injury and violence
- Impact of environment on human health
- Pollution and wastes
Associated Clinical Sciences
1. Geriatrics (14%)
- Anatomic and physiologic process of aging
- Geriatric disorders and case management
2. Dermatology (11%)
- Types of skin lesions
- Microbial infections
- Tumors
- Dermatitis
- Scaling diseases
- Vesicular and bullous diseases
- Pigmentary disorders
- Inflammatory reactions
- Disorders of hair follicles and sebaceous glands
3. Sexually Transmitted Diseases (9%)
- Gonorrhea
- Syphilis
- AIDS
- Chlamydia
- Herpes
- Other
4. Toxicology (9%)
- Pharmacology
- Poisoning
- Environmental and occupational toxicology
5. Emergency Procedures (13%)
- Cardiopulmonary arrest
- Poisoning
- Thermal injuries
- Shock
- Head and spinal injuries
- Choking
- Fractures, dislocations, strains and sprains
- Other
6. Psychology (11%)
- Theories and general concepts
- Mental and emotional disorders
- Assessment methods and case management
7. Gynecology and Obstetrics (13%)
- Gynecological examination
- Breast examination and disorders
- Gynecological disease and abnormalities
- Pregnancy
- Labor and delivery
- Postpartum
- Obstetric disorders
8. Pediatrics (14%)
- Care of newborn
- Growth and development
- Congenital disorders
- Childhood infectious diseases
- Pathological conditions and childhood injuries
- Emotional disorders and learning disabilities
- Nutritional problems
9. Jurisprudence, Ethics and Basic Economics (6%)
Part III: Test Plan
1. Case History (11%)
Competency description: The successful examinee can identify factors necessary for obtaining a complete case history and applying this knowledge to a clinical picture.
Examples include:
- Chief complaint
- Present illness
- Past history
- Family history
- Personal and social history
- Review of systems
2. Physical Examination (9%)
Competency description: The successful examinee can select appropriate physical examination procedures and apply knowledge of these procedures to a clinical picture.
Examples include:
- General survey
- Head and neck examination
- Thorax and lung examination
- Cardiovascular examination
- Breast and axilla examination
- Abdominal examination
- Urogenital examination
- Rectal examination
3. Neuromusculoskeletal Examination (11%)
Competency description: The successful examinee can select appropriate neuromusculoskeletal examination procedures and apply knowledge of these procedures to a clinical picture.
Examples include:
- Posture and gait analysis
- Standard spinal and extremity orthopedic procedures
- Standard neurologic testing procedures
- Peripheral vascular examination procedures
4. Diagnostic Imaging (11%)
Competency description: The successful examinee demonstrates knowledge of all areas of diagnostic imaging pertinent to chiropractic practice (including radiographs, computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, diagnostic ultrasound, and nuclear bone scans).
Examples include:
- Indications and contraindications for diagnostic imaging procedures
- Patient protection and positioning
- Normal anatomy
- Description and interpretation of images
5. Clinical Laboratory and Special Studies (7%)
Competency description: The successful examinee will demonstrate understanding of the rationale for ordering specific clinical laboratory tests and special studies and to demonstrate ability to interpret the results of these tests or studies.
Examples include:
- Urinalysis
- Hematology
- Serology
- Blood chemistries
- Stool analysis
- Serous fluid analysis
- Joint fluid analysis
- Electrophysiologic recordings (EEG, EKG, EMG, and NCV)
6. Diagnosis or Clinical Impression (14%)
Competency description: Based on information gathered in the various areas of examination, the successful examinee can identify the pathophysiologic mechanisms responsible for a patient’s complaints.
Sources of information include:
- Patient history
- Physical and neuromusculoskeletal examinations
- Diagnostic imaging
- Clinical laboratory and special studies
7. Chiropractic Techniques (14%)
Competency description: The successful examinee will demonstrate knowledge of all areas of chiro-
practic technique.
Examples include:
- Indications and contraindications for chiropractic care
- Spinal adjustive techniques
- Extremity adjustive techniques
- Skeletal biomechanics
8. Supportive Interventions (8%)
Competency description: The successful examinee demonstrates knowledge of techniques and procedures that are supportive of or adjunctive to the chiropractic adjustment.
Examples include:
- Physiotherapy modalities
- Nutrition and diet
- Corrective exercises and rehabilitation
- Protective body mechanics and ergonomics
- Patient education and self care
- Wellness and lifestyle counseling
9. Case Management (15%)
Competency description: The successful examinee selects an approach to the management or disposition of a case that is consistent with the clinical impression or diagnosis.
Examples include:
- Formulation of a treatment plan and prognosis
- Appropriate procedures for case follow-up and review
- Patient referral and/or co-management
- Clinical documentation and informed consent
Physiotherapy: Test Plan
Printable Physiotherapy Test Plan
1. Passive Adjunctive Procedures (44%)
A. Thermotherapy
- Infrared
- Paraffin
- Hot moist packs
- Hydrotherapy
- Ultrasound
- Diathermy
- Cryotherapy
B. Electrotherapy
- Interferential current
- High voltage therapy
- Low volt galvanism/iontophoresis
- Electrical muscle stimulation
- TENS
- Microcurrent
C. Mechanotherapy
- Cervical / lumbar traction
- Massage, vibration and trigger point therapy
- Bracing/orthotics
- Taping
D. Phototherapy
- Cold laser
- Ultraviolet
2. Active Adjunctive Procedures (56%)
A. Functional assessment
- Gait
- Movement patterns
- Muscular imbalances
B. Exercise physiology
- Neurobiology of training and conditioning
- Biochemistry of training and conditioning
C. Endurance training
- Aerobic capacity and adaptation
- Cardiovascular rehabilitation
D. Muscle rehabilitation
- Stretching techniques
- Strengthening protocols
E. Neuromusclar rehabilitation
- Balance and alignment
- Coordinated movement patterns
- Core/spine stabilization
F. Disorder-specific rehabilitation
- Spine and pelvis
- Upper extremities
- Lower extremities